Again, study isn't valid to me because it ignores scope.A perfectly fair observation. No doubt, a lot of studies focus disproportionally on one side of the political spectrum. And this is a problem I have raised time and again, as I think it obviously pushes conservatives toward denying science and creates a gap in the scientific literature. I've also said (and I may have posted it here) that leftists are similarly manipulated by bad actors that appeal to their false sense of moral and intellectual superiority.
This doesn't change anything though. Both sides of the political spectrum are subject to this type of manipulation. The bad guys don't care what your politics are - only that they can make you a useful idiot to carry out their goals.
I agree that all media manipulates. What I'm ultimately driving at is that knowing how they manipulate and what that means to each of us individually is an important step toward protecting ourselves against such manipulation.
I don't even think it defines misinformation - and subsequently the manipulation to believe it - properly so on its face it's deeply flawed.
I'd argue the band of useful idiots is much bigger and more aligned on the side of the political aisle that article didn't even explore.